Scripting and Task Automation

See command-line parameters to learn how to enter the console/scripting mode.

For automation, commands can be read from a script file specified by /script switch, from standard input or passed from the command-line using the /command switch.

By default an interactive mode is used (the user is prompted in the same way as in GUI mode). To switch to a batch mode (all prompts are automatically answered negatively) use the command option batch abort. For the batch mode it is recommended to turn off confirmations using option confirm off to allow overwrites (otherwise the overwrite confirmation prompt would be answered negatively, making overwrites impossible).

Multiple sessions can be opened simultaneously. Use the session command to switch between them.

Note that the first connection to an SSH server requires verification of the host key. Also the first connection to FTPS host with certificate signed by untrusted authority requires verification of the certificate.

WinSCP executables return exit code 1, when any command is interrupted due to an error or any prompt is answered Abort (even automatically in batch mode). Otherwise it returns the exit code 0.

When checking WinSCP exit code from a batch file, make sure you are using winscp.com.

To further analyze results of scripted operations, you will find XML logging useful.

All WinSCP commands have syntax:

command -switch -switch2 parameter1 parameter2 ... parametern

Command parameters that include space(s) have to be surrounded by double-quotes. To use double-quote literally, double it:

put "file with spaces and ""quotes"".html"

You can use environment variables in the commands, with syntax %NAME%1:

put "%FILE_TO_UPLOAD%"

You can reference script arguments (passed on command-line using parameter /parameter) using syntax %N%, where N is ordinal number of argument1:

put "%1%"

Note that WinSCP treats filenames in case sensitive manner. So even if your server treats filenames in case insensitive manner, make sure you specify case properly2.

To insert comments into the script file, start the line with # (hash):

# Connect to the server
open mysession

The following commands are implemented.

To see help for the command, read respective documentation article below or type command help <command> directly in console.

Learn about winscp.com, the console interface tool.

The first connection to an SSH server requires verification of the host key. To automate the verification in script, use hostkey switch of open command to accept the expected hostkey automatically.

You can find the key fingerprint on Server and Protocol Information Dialog. You can also copy the key fingerprint to clipboard from the confirmation prompt on the first (interactive) connection using Copy Key button. Learn more about obtaining host key fingerprint.

FTPS certificate signed by untrusted authority may also need to be verified. To automate the verification in script, use certificate switch of open command to accept the expected certificate automatically.

If you are going to run the script under a different account (for example using the Windows scheduler), don’t forget that WinSCP still needs to access its configuration. Note that when using registry as configuration storage, the settings are accessible only for your Windows account, so in such a case you may need to either transfer the configuration from your account registry to the other account’s registry or use the INI file instead.

Note that the configuration also includes verified SSH host keys and FTPS certificates.

WinSCP in scripting/console mode shares configuration with graphical mode. This can be both advantageous and disadvantageous.

The advantage is that you can use graphical interface to configure options for which there are no script commands.

The disadvantage is that change to configuration in graphical mode may break your script (common example is enabling Existing files only option for synchronization).

If you want to protect your script from such inadvertent change, you should isolate its configuration from graphical mode explicitly. To do that export your configuration to a separate INI file and reference it using /ini= command-line parameter.

An ideal situation is when you are able to configure all the options you need using script commands only (option command, switches of other commands, session URL and raw site settings). Then you can force scripting mode to start with the default configuration using /ini=nul, avoiding need for the INI file.

The example below connects to example.com server with account user, downloads file and closes the session. Then it connects to the same server with the account user2 and uploads the file back.

# Automatically abort script on errors
option batch abort
# Disable overwrite confirmations that conflict with the previous
option confirm off
# Connect using a password
# open sftp://user:password@example.com -hostkey="ssh-rsa 1024 xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx"
# Connect
open sftp://user@example.com -hostkey="ssh-rsa 1024 xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx"
# Change remote directory
cd /home/user
# Force binary mode transfer
option transfer binary
# Download file to the local directory d:\
get examplefile.txt d:\
# Disconnect
close
# Connect as a different user
open user2@example.com
# Change the remote directory
cd /home/user2
# Upload the file to current working directory
put d:\examplefile.txt 
# Disconnect
close
# Exit WinSCP
exit

Save the script to the file example.txt. To execute the script file use the following command. As the script connects the session itself, using the command open, omit the session command-line parameter.

winscp.exe /console /script=example.txt

For simple scripts you can specify all the commands on command-line using /command switch:

winscp.exe /console /command "option batch abort" "open user@example.com" "get examplefile.txt d:\" "exit"

Instead of using open command you can also open a session using a command-line parameter. Note that in that case session is opened yet before script starts. Particularly option commands do not apply yet. Generally you should avoid using this method.

winscp.exe /console /script=example.txt user@example.com

When you find yourself limited by scripting capabilities, you may consider converting your script to code that uses WinSCP .NET assembly.

• Guide to scripting;
• FAQs about scripting;
• Useful example scripts;
• WinSCP .NET assembly.

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