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| library_powershell 2017-11-07 | library_powershell 2023-10-30 (current) | ||
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| ====== Using WinSCP .NET Assembly from PowerShell ====== | ====== Using WinSCP .NET Assembly from PowerShell ====== | ||
| - | ===== About PowerShell ===== | + | ===== [[powershell]] About PowerShell ===== |
| - | [[wp>PowerShell|PowerShell]] is Microsoft's task automation framework, consisting of a command-line shell and associated scripting language built on .NET Framework. | + | [[wp>PowerShell|PowerShell]] is Microsoft's task automation framework, consisting of a command-line shell and associated scripting language built on .NET. |
| - | PowerShell is built into Windows 7 and newer; and is optionally available for Windows 98 SP2 and newer.((&wikipedia_ref(PowerShell|PowerShell))) &win9x | + | Windows PowerShell (''powershell.exe'') is built into Windows 7 and newer; and is optionally available for Windows 98 SP2 and newer.((&wikipedia_ref(PowerShell|PowerShell))) &win9x It uses .NET Framework. Its successor, PowerShell (''pwsh.exe''), previously known as PowerShell Core, aka PowerShell 6/7, is cross-platform and can be optionally installed in Windows. It uses .NET (previously known as .NET Core). |
| PowerShell scripts can be directly executed, they do not need to be compiled first. | PowerShell scripts can be directly executed, they do not need to be compiled first. | ||
| - | ===== PowerShell Scripting ===== | + | ===== [[scripting]] PowerShell Scripting ===== |
| - | From WinSCP scripting perspective, important aspect of PowerShell (''powershell.exe'') is its ability to run simple, yet powerful, scripts that can make use functionality exposed by WinSCP .NET assembly. | + | From WinSCP scripting perspective, an important aspect of PowerShell is its ability to run simple, yet powerful, scripts that can make use of functionality exposed by WinSCP .NET assembly. |
| - | The ''powershell.exe'' is located in ''%WINDIR%\System32\WindowsPowershell\v1.0''.((It's ''v1.0'', disregarding what version you actually use.)) Typically you run ''powershell.exe'' with ''-File'' argument followed by path to your PowerShell script. The script file needs to have ''.ps1'' extension: | + | Windows PowerShell's ''powershell.exe'' is located in ''%WINDIR%\System32\WindowsPowershell\v1.0''.((It's ''v1.0'', disregarding what version you actually use.)) Typically you run ''powershell.exe'' with ''-File'' argument followed by path to your PowerShell script. The script file needs to have ''.ps1'' extension: |
| <code> | <code> | ||
| powershell.exe -File upload.ps1 | powershell.exe -File upload.ps1 | ||
| </code> | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | PowerShell (Core)'s ''pwsh.exe'' installs into ''C:\Program Files\PowerShell\<version>''. | ||
| Note that by default, executing PowerShell scripts is disabled. To override that, you can either lift the restriction by typing using ''[[ps>microsoft.powershell.security/set-executionpolicy|Set-ExecutionPolicy]]'' cmdlet on PowerShell administrator console:((Run ''powershell.exe'' as Administrator to get PowerShell console.)) | Note that by default, executing PowerShell scripts is disabled. To override that, you can either lift the restriction by typing using ''[[ps>microsoft.powershell.security/set-executionpolicy|Set-ExecutionPolicy]]'' cmdlet on PowerShell administrator console:((Run ''powershell.exe'' as Administrator to get PowerShell console.)) | ||
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| ===== [[install]] Installing the Assembly ===== | ===== [[install]] Installing the Assembly ===== | ||
| - | First, you need to install the WinSCP .NET assembly. In most cases, all you need to do is [[library_install#downloading|download]] the ''WinSCP-X.X.X-Automation.zip'' package and extract it along with your PowerShell script. | + | First, you need to install the WinSCP .NET assembly. In most cases, all you need to do is [[library_install#downloading|download]] the ''WinSCP-X.X.X-Automation.zip'' package((In some cases, the downloaded [[message_net_operation_not_supported|executables need to be unblocked]].)) and extract it along with your PowerShell script.((Generally you only need ''WinSCPnet.dll'' and ''WinSCP.exe''.)) |
| + | |||
| + | The version of ''WinSCPnet.dll'' in the root of the package is the .NET Framework build of the assembly. It can be used with Windows PowerShell only. With PowerShell (Core) 6/7, you have to use the .NET Standard build of the assembly, which is located in the ''netstandard2.0'' subfolder. | ||
| For specific cases, read full instructions to [[library_install|installing the WinSCP .NET assembly]]. | For specific cases, read full instructions to [[library_install|installing the WinSCP .NET assembly]]. | ||
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| ==== [[loading]] Loading Assembly ==== | ==== [[loading]] Loading Assembly ==== | ||
| - | PowerShell script needs to load the assembly before it can use classes the assembly exposes. To load assembly use ''[[ps>microsoft.powershell.utility/add-type|Add-Type]]'' cmdlet.((In PowerShell 1.0, use ''[[msdn>System.Reflection.Assembly.LoadFrom]]'' method.)) | + | PowerShell script needs to load the assembly before it can use classes the assembly exposes. To load assembly use ''[[ps>microsoft.powershell.utility/add-type|Add-Type]]'' cmdlet.((In PowerShell 1.0, use ''[[dotnet>System.Reflection.Assembly.LoadFrom]]'' method.)) |
| <code powershell> | <code powershell> | ||
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| </code> | </code> | ||
| - | Had you need to run the script from other directory, you need to specify a full path to the assembly. You can derive the path from the script file path using ''[[ps>microsoft.powershell.core/about_automatic_variables|$PSScriptRoot]]'' automatic variable:((In PowerShell 2.0, use ''%%Add-Type -Path (Join-Path (Split-Path $script:MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path) "WinSCPnet.dll")%%'')) | + | Had you need to run the script from other directory, you need to specify a full path to the assembly. You can derive the path from the script file path using [[ps>microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_automatic_variables#psscriptroot|''$PSScriptRoot'' automatic variable]]:((In PowerShell 2.0, use ''%%Add-Type -Path (Join-Path (Split-Path $script:MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path) "WinSCPnet.dll")%%'')) |
| <code powershell> | <code powershell> | ||
| Line 97: | Line 101: | ||
| ==== [[module]] PowerShell Module ==== | ==== [[module]] PowerShell Module ==== | ||
| - | There is a third-party PowerShell module, [[https://dotps1.github.io/WinSCP/|WinSCP PowerShell Wrapper]], that provides a cmdlet interface on top of the .NET assembly. | + | There is a third-party PowerShell module, [[https://github.com/tomohulk/WinSCP|WinSCP PowerShell Wrapper]], that provides a cmdlet interface on top of the .NET assembly. |
| Example: | Example: | ||
| Line 105: | Line 109: | ||
| $credential = Get-Credential | $credential = Get-Credential | ||
| # Create a WinSCP Session. | # Create a WinSCP Session. | ||
| - | $session = New-WinSCPSession -Hostname "example.com" -Credential $credential -SshHostKeyFingerprint "ssh-rsa 2048 xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx" | + | $session = New-WinSCPSession -Hostname "example.com" -Credential $credential -SshHostKeyFingerprint "ssh-rsa 2048 xxxxxxxxxxx..." |
| # Using the WinSCPSession, download the file from the remote host to the local host. | # Using the WinSCPSession, download the file from the remote host to the local host. | ||
| Receive-WinSCPItem -WinSCPSession $session -Path "/home/user/file.txt" -Destination "C:\download\" | Receive-WinSCPItem -WinSCPSession $session -Path "/home/user/file.txt" -Destination "C:\download\" | ||
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| <code powershell> | <code powershell> | ||
| # Piping the WinSCPSession into the Receive-WinSCPItem auto disposes the WinSCP.Session object after completion. | # Piping the WinSCPSession into the Receive-WinSCPItem auto disposes the WinSCP.Session object after completion. | ||
| - | New-WinSCPSession -Hostname "example.com" -Credential (Get-Credential) -SshHostKeyFingerprint "ssh-rsa 2048 xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx") | | + | New-WinSCPSession -Hostname "example.com" -Credential (Get-Credential) -SshHostKeyFingerprint "ssh-rsa 2048 xxxxxxxxxxx...") | |
| Receive-WinSCPItem -Path "/home/user/file.txt" -Destination "C:\download\" | Receive-WinSCPItem -Path "/home/user/file.txt" -Destination "C:\download\" | ||
| </code> | </code> | ||
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| UserName = "user" | UserName = "user" | ||
| Password = "mypassword" | Password = "mypassword" | ||
| - | SshHostKeyFingerprint = "ssh-rsa 2048 xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx" | + | SshHostKeyFingerprint = "ssh-rsa 2048 xxxxxxxxxxx..." |
| } | } | ||
| Line 171: | Line 175: | ||
| exit 0 | exit 0 | ||
| } | } | ||
| - | catch [Exception] | + | catch |
| { | { | ||
| Write-Host "Error: $($_.Exception.Message)" | Write-Host "Error: $($_.Exception.Message)" | ||