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| - | ====== Supported Transfer Protocols ====== | + | ====== Supported File Transfer Protocols ====== |
| - | As of version 3.0, WinSCP supports two secure transfer protocols, SFTP and SCP. Currently, many SSH servers support both protocols. Both have advantages and disadvantages; this document contains a comparison to help you to decide which is most appropriate for your needs. The comparison describes features that are characteristic to the specific protocol as-is, and features that are caused by the implementation of the protocol in WinSCP. | + | WinSCP supports five transfer protocols: |
| + | * [[sftp|SFTP]] (SSH File Transfer Protocol); | ||
| + | * [[ftp|FTP]] (File Transfer Protocol); | ||
| + | * [[scp|SCP]] (Secure Copy Protocol); | ||
| + | * [[webdav|WebDAV]] (Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning); | ||
| + | * [[s3|S3]] (Amazon S3). | ||
| - | The default mode of operation is to use SFTP and fall back to SCP. Select your preferred protocol on [[ui_login_session#protocol_group|Login dialog]]. | + | Some servers support more than one of these protocols. This document contains a comparison to help you to decide which is most appropriate for your needs. The comparison describes both features that are characteristic to the specific protocol as-is, and features that are caused by the implementation of the protocol in WinSCP. |
| - | ===== [[scp]] SCP (Secure Copy Protocol) ===== | + | The default mode of operation is to use SFTP and fall back to SCP. Select your preferred protocol on [[ui_login#session_settings|Login dialog]]. |
| - | SCP is mostly used with SSH-1. SCP is an older protocol but almost universally supported on Unix-like platforms as part of an SSH protocol suite. It is rarely supported on other platforms. SCP is a descendant of the ancient "rcp". | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | The SCP protocol allows only file transfers in both directions. WinSCP is able to offer other features, implemented using common shell commands like ''cd'', ''ls'', ''pwd'', ''rm'', ''ln'', etc. For this, WinSCP---unlike command-line SCP clients (which allow only file transfers)---requires full shell access and permission to execute other commands in addition to ''scp'' (see [[requirements]]). For access to non-UNIX servers it is necessary that the server have at least a UNIX-like shell: one like that which is available with [[&opensshwin|OpenSSH for Windows]], for example. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ===== [[sftp]] SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) ===== | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | SFTP is mostly operated as subsystem of SSH-2. SFTP is a | + | |
| - | newer and more modern protocol, designed to perform in a manner similar to FTP. It is widely supported, even on non-Unix-like platforms, but not nearly as universally as SCP. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | WinSCP supports version 0 (since 3.4), version 1 (since 3.4), version 2 (since 3.1), [[&sftp3|version 3]] (since 3.0 beta), [[&sftp4|version 4]] (since 3.2) and [[&sftp5|version 5]] (since 3.6.7) of the protocol. Support for version 5 is experimental as no server supporting the version is known and currently does not bring any new functionality. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Unlike SCP, for connection with SSH server, you do not need access to shell. Thus it is more independent on remote operation system. | + | |
| ===== Protocol Comparison ===== | ===== Protocol Comparison ===== | ||
| - | List shows only those features, which makes the difference between the protocols. So it is not complete listing. | + | The list below shows only those features which differ between the protocols, so it is not complete listing. |
| - | ^ Feature ^ SCP ^ SFTP ^ | + | ^ Feature ^ SFTP ^ FTP ^ WebDAV ^ SCP ^ |
| - | ^ Speed ··| Transfers are faster in general. Protocol do not use packet confirmation, yet it causes some serious problems. | Transfers are slower in general due to necessity to wait for packet confirmations. In versions 3.7.2 and 3.4 several optimizations were introduced that almost reduced the disadvantage over SCP. | | + | ^ Security | Secure (SSH) | Optionally secure ([[ftps|Over TLS/SSL]]) || Secure (SSH). | |
| - | ^ [[resume|Transfer resume]] | Unsupported. | Supported. WinSCP supports resuming only since protocol version 2 (which introduces rename command). By default it resumes transfers for files larger than 100 kB only, since the overhead is excessive for smaller files. It is possible to change the threshold in Preferences. | | + | ^ Speed | Generally slowest (encryption and necessity to wait for packet confirmations). | Generally fastest file transfer (no encryption and efficient file transfer), yet transfer setup is slow, so transfer of large number of small files can be slow. || Medium (encryption, but efficient file transfer, yet it does not allow the transfer to be interrupted). | |
| - | ^ Large files | Does not support files over 4 GB (32-bit boundary). | Supports files over 4 GB (uses 64-bit sizes). | | + | ^ [[resume|Transfer resume]] | Supported. WinSCP supports resuming only since SFTP-2 (which introduces rename command). | Supported. | Unsupported. | Unsupported by WinSCP. | |
| - | ^ Append to end of file | Unsupported. | Supported. | | + | ^ Append to end of file | Supported. | Supported. Unsupported by WinSCP. | Unsupported. | Unsupported. | |
| - | ^ [[ui_progress#controlling_the_operation|Transfer cancellation]] | Transfer cannot be canceled without termination of session. | It is possible to cancel transfer and continue with work. | | + | ^ [[ui_progress#controlling|Transfer cancellation]] | Supported. | Supported, but can be time-consuming. | Supported. | Transfer cannot be canceled without termination of session. | |
| - | ^ Text (ASCII) [[transfer_mode|transfer mode]] | Not supported by protocol. WinSCP emulates text mode by converting file before transfer. It is necessary to configure [[ui_login_environment#server_eol_characters|line-ending sequence]]. | Supported by protocol since version 4. For older versions WinSCP emulates text mode by converting file before transfer. It is necessary to configure [[ui_login_environment#server_eol_characters|line-ending sequence]]. | | + | ^ Text (ASCII) [[transfer_mode|transfer mode]] | Supported since SFTP-4. For older versions WinSCP emulates text mode by converting files before transfer. | Supported. | Unsupported. | Not supported by the protocol. WinSCP emulates text mode by converting file before transfer. | |
| - | ^ Directory operations | Recursive operations with directories (deletion, permissions change), can be done with a single command (''rm'', ''chmod'', etc). Thus they are quick. On the other hand it limits some functionality. | Recursive operations with directories (deletion, permissions change) must be performed separately for each file. Thus operations can take a long time, especially for directories with large number of files. | | + | ^ Directory operations | Recursive operations with directories (deletion, permissions change) must be performed separately for each file. Thus operations can take a long time, especially for directories with a large number of files. ||| Recursive operations with directories (deletion, permissions change), can be done with a single command (''rm'', ''chmod'', etc). Thus they are quick. On the other hand it limits some functionality. | |
| - | ^ [[task_rename|File renaming]] and [[task_move_duplicate#moving_remote_files|moving]] | Supported (''mv''). | Supported since version 2 of the protocol. | | + | ^ [[task_rename|File renaming]] and [[task_move_duplicate#move|moving]] | Supported since SFTP-2. | Supported. | Supported. | Supported (''mv''). | |
| - | ^ [[task_move_duplicate#duplicating_remote_files|File duplication]] | Supported (''cp''). | Unsupported by the protocol. WinSCP can open [[shell_session|separate shell session]] to execute the command. | | + | ^ ==?duplicate== Direct [[task_move_duplicate#duplicate|File duplication]] | The server has to support %%SFTP%% extension ''copy-file'' (supported by [[http://www.proftpd.org/docs/contrib/mod_sftp.html|ProFTPD ''mod_sftp'']] for example) or ''copy-data'' (supported by OpenSSH for example). WinSCP can open a [[shell_session|separate shell session]] to duplicate the file instead. | WinSCP supports [[http://www.proftpd.org/docs/contrib/mod_copy.html|ProFTPD ''mod_copy'']] commands ''SITE CPFR''/''CPTO''. No other %%FTP%% server supporting file duplication is known. | Supported. | Supported (''cp''). | |
| - | ^ [[remote_command|Execution of arbitrary command]] | Supported as long as the command does not require user input. For example it is not possible to execute ''su root''. | Unsupported by the protocol. WinSCP can open [[shell_session|separate shell session]] to execute the command. | | + | ^ ==?command== [[remote_command|Execution of arbitrary command]] | Unsupported by the protocol. WinSCP can open a [[shell_session|separate shell session]] to execute the command. | Unsupported. WinSCP allows user to execute arbitrary protocol command. | Unsupported. | Supported as long as the command does not require user input. | |
| - | ^ [[task_properties|Owner or group change]] | Supported (''chmod'', ''chown'', ''chgrp''). | In version 2 and 3 of SFTP protocol, owner and group can be changed only with knowledge of UID/GID (unsupported by WinSCP). Version 4 allows even change using user or group name. | | + | ^ [[ui_transfer_custom#upload|Setting properties (time-stamp, permissions) of uploaded files]] | Supported. | Server needs to support ''MFMT'' extension. | Only few servers support setting time-stamp. | Supported. | |
| - | ^ [[task_link|Link creation]] | It is possible to create both symbolic and hard links (''ln''). Symbolic links can be edited also.·| It is possible to create and edit symbolic links since version 3. Hard links are supported only since version 6 of the protocol (unsupported by WinSCP). | | + | ^ [[task_properties|Owner or group change]] | In SFTP-2 and SFTP-3, the owner and group can be changed only with knowledge of UID/GID. Since SFTP-4 even change using user or group name is allowed. | Supported (''MFF''). Unsupported by WinSCP. | Unsupported. | Supported (''chown'', ''chgrp''). | |
| - | ^ User group list lookup | Supported (''groups''). | Unsupported. | | + | ^ ==?checksum== [[ui_properties#checksum|Checksum calculation]] | Supported, if the server supports respective SFTP protocol extension or when WinSCP can use a [[shell_session|separate shell session]] to calculate the checksum using shell commands. | Supported (''HASH'', ''XSHA1'', ''XSHA256'', ''XSHA512'', ''MD5'', ''XMD5'', ''XCRC''). | Unsupported. | Unsupported. | |
| - | ^ Influence of environment variables | As WinSCP uses shell, it is influenced by environment variables (date format, etc.). WinSCP requires English environment. See [[requirements]]. | Generally unaffected by environment variables. | | + | ^ ==?disk_usage== [[ui_fsinfo#space|Checking disk usage]] | Supported, if the server supports respective SFTP protocol extension (SFTP-5 or proprietary OpenSSH extension ''statvfs@openssh.com''). | Supported (''AVBL'', ''XQUOTA''). Only new servers support it. | Only some servers support it. | Unsupported. Pre-defined [[custom_command|custom command]] //Disk Space Usage// (''df'') can be used as an alternative. | |
| - | ^ File modification [[timestamp|time-stamp]] | Some shell commands are influenced by daylight-saving time. For example, the ''ls'' command can return a different time than ''scp''. Thus, after transfer, the time-stamp of the file can be different. Also there can be additional difference caused by server timezone offset. This causes trouble when comparing directories and [[task_synchronize|synchronization]]. | Theoretically problem does not occur as the protocol requires timestamps to be in UTC. Practically some of the SFTP servers have problems with DST. | | + | ^ ==?link== [[task_link|Link creation]] | It is possible to create and edit symbolic links since SFTP-3. It is possible to create hard links, if the server supports respective SFTP protocol functionality (SFTP-6 or proprietary OpenSSH extension ''hardlink@openssh.com''). | WinSCP supports [[http://www.proftpd.org/docs/contrib/mod_site_misc.html|ProFTPD ''mod_site_misc'']] command ''SITE SYMLINK''. No other FTP server supporting link creation is known. | Unsupported. | It is possible to create both symbolic and hard links (''ln''). Symbolic links can be edited also. | |
| - | ^ [[ui_login|Configuration]] | For successful connection to server it is often necessary to properly set up several configuration options on the [[ui_login_scp|Login dialog]]. | Generally, a login data are needed only. | | + | ^ User group list lookup | Unsupported. | Unsupported. | Unsupported. | Supported (''groups''). | |
| + | ^ Influence of environment variables | Generally unaffected by environment variables. ||| As WinSCP uses shell, it is influenced by environment variables (date format, etc.). WinSCP requires the English environment. See [[requirements]]. | | ||
| + | ^ Time zone and DST issues with [[timestamp|file time-stamps]] | Theoretically no issues, as the protocol requires timestamps to be in UTC. Practically some of the SFTP servers have problems with DST. | Theoretically no issues, when the server supports ''MLSD'' command, as the comment requires timestamps to be in UTC. Practically some of the FTP servers have problems with DST. When the server supports ''LIST'' command only, behavior is undefined and time zone offset may need to be configured. | Theoretically no issues. | Some shell commands are influenced by daylight-saving time. For example, the ''ls'' command can return a different time than ''scp''. Thus, after transfer, the time-stamp of the file can be different. Also there can be an additional difference caused by the server time zone offset. This causes trouble when comparing directories and [[task_synchronize|synchronization]]. | | ||
| + | ^ [[ui_login|Configuration]] | Generally, only login information is needed. ||| For a successful connection to a server it is often necessary to properly set up several configuration options on the //[[ui_login_scp|SCP/Shell page]]// of Advanced Site Settings dialog. | | ||