Ok, thanks for info.

Guys, sorry for the confusion! It had nothing to do with the WinSCP but was rather a bug in the OpenSSH :(
Thank you for your help!
Mike

Martin, thank you.
You can see zipped logs at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DvD1dF6-m6QIUytEX3BUS5qQ_Hzi_mVR/view?usp=drive_link
Connecting to the IP 192.168.0.173 displays the version numbers (and obviously considers them as a part of the filename, therefore, listing all versions for every file), while the session with IP 192.168.0.201 does not.
I suspect this is a result of different SSH versions: built-in SSH for the first system, and OpenSSH for the second - but I cannot be sure.
Best regards,
Mike

Ok, so please post logs from both.

Martin, thank you! I am aware of this option and made sure it is not checked. Moreover, what I found out that connecting to some OpenVMS stations does not exhibit this problem, while connecting to some – does :(
Mike

Haven't you enabled Trim VMS Version Numbers?
https://winscp.net/eng/docs/ui_login_environment

The OpenVMS specifics is that the filenames contain file version number. I could see them before, but somehow they disappeared. I tried to edit the session's settings in the Session Advanced dialog, but it did not help.
How to restore this option?
Thank you, everyone!